《PHP編程:PHP、Python和Javascript的裝飾器模式對(duì)比》要點(diǎn):
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修飾模式(Decorator Pattern),又叫裝飾者模式,是面向?qū)ο缶幊填I(lǐng)域中,一種動(dòng)態(tài)地往一個(gè)類中添加新的行為的設(shè)計(jì)模式.就功能而言,修飾模式相比生成子類更為靈活,這樣可以給某個(gè)對(duì)象而不是整個(gè)類添加一些功能.裝飾模式非常適用于靈活擴(kuò)展對(duì)象的功能,下面是裝飾模式的UML圖:PHP教程
PHP教程
例如,有一個(gè)技術(shù)論壇,用戶通過(guò)留言進(jìn)行溝通,由于剛開(kāi)始論壇里都是熟人,幾乎都不需要對(duì)留言的內(nèi)容作出審核,接收留言的頁(yè)面可以是這樣:PHP教程
class SaveMsg(){ private $msg; public function __construct($msg){ $this->msg=$msg; } public function __store(){ //存入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) } }
后來(lái),隨著論壇逐漸出名,就有一些人在上面發(fā)鏈接,就需要對(duì)含有鏈接的消息進(jìn)行過(guò)濾,論壇進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,發(fā)現(xiàn)除開(kāi)發(fā)垃圾鏈接的外,還有很多無(wú)用的灌水,到后來(lái)可能還有攻擊等等各種不正常的帖子,所以對(duì)論壇帖子的管理,可以單獨(dú)抽象出一個(gè)類進(jìn)行管理,當(dāng)需要擴(kuò)充過(guò)濾規(guī)則時(shí),可以進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)擴(kuò)充.PHP教程
//基類 abstract class Filter{ abstract public function isForbid(); } //基礎(chǔ)過(guò)濾類 class MsgFilter extends Filter{ public $content; public function __construct($msg){ $this->content=$msg; } public function isForbid(){ if(preg_match("/https?/i",$this->content)){ return [true,"Not Allowed Urls"]; }else{ return [false]; } } } //裝飾器,用來(lái)擴(kuò)充功能 abstract class FilterDecorator extends Filter{ protected $obj; public function __construct(Filter $obj){ $this->obj=$obj; } } //新過(guò)濾器,判斷是否重復(fù)發(fā)帖 class repeat extends FilterDecorator{ public function isForbid(){ if($this->obj->isForbid()[0] === true){ //判定是否包含url return $this->obj->isForbid(); }else if($this->obj->content == "this is a test"){ //判定是否重復(fù)發(fā)帖 return [true,"Repeat Posts"]; }else{ return [false]; } } } $test = new MsgFilter("httpsfdjoafdsajof"); print_r($test->isForbid());//被禁止 $test2 = new repeat(new MsgFilter("this is a test")); print_r($test2->isForbid());//被禁止
在python中,不存在抽象類和辦法,實(shí)現(xiàn)就更加簡(jiǎn)單:PHP教程
#!/usr/bin/env python class Filter(): pass class MsgFilter(Filter): def __init__(self,msg): self.content=msg def isForbid(self): if('http' in self.content): return [True,"Not Allowed Urls"] else: return [False] class FilterDecorator(Filter): def __init__(self,obj): self._obj=obj class Repeat(FilterDecorator): def isForbid(self): if self._obj.isForbid()[0]: return self._obj.isForbid() elif self._obj.content == 'this is a test': return [True,"Repeat Posts"]; else: return [False] test = MsgFilter("this is a content have http urls") print test.isForbid() test2 = Repeat(MsgFilter('this is a test')) print test2.isForbid()
Javascript中,沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的類,所有繼承都基于原型,理解起來(lái)會(huì)稍費(fèi)功夫:PHP教程
function MsgFilter(msg){ this.content=msg; this.isForbid=function(){ if(this.content.match(/http/g)){ return [true,"Not Allowed Urls"]; }else { return [false]; } } } function Repeat(obj){ var _obj=obj; this.isForbid=function(){ if(_obj.isForbid[0] === true){ return _obj.isForbid(); }else if(_obj.content=='this is a test'){ return [true,"Repeat Posts"]; }else{ return [false]; } } } var test = new MsgFilter("his is a content have http urls"); console.log(test.isForbid()); var test2 = new Repeat(new MsgFilter("this is a test")); console.log(test2.isForbid());
由于Javascript缺少類的特性,繼承對(duì)于它來(lái)說(shuō)就顯得有點(diǎn)雞肋了,上面的代碼看起來(lái)更像是對(duì)兩個(gè)函數(shù)的處理, 在python中,有更加簡(jiǎn)單的添加裝飾器的辦法,直接通過(guò)”@”給函數(shù)自動(dòng)添加裝飾器,達(dá)到擴(kuò)展功能的目的,如:PHP教程
def Decorator(F): def newF(age): print "You Are Calling",F.__name__ F(age) return newF @Decorator #通過(guò)@給函數(shù)showAge添加裝飾器Decorator def showAge(age): print "hello , i am %d years old"%age showAge(10)
裝飾模式的目的是辦理動(dòng)態(tài)擴(kuò)展功能的難題,裝飾模式的本質(zhì)是對(duì)對(duì)象的靈活處理,理解裝飾模式,不僅能深入了解面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì),更能提高編程的思維能力.PHP教程
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