《MYSQL教程MySQL5.6主從復制(mysql數據同步配置)》要點：
本文介紹了MYSQL教程MySQL5.6主從復制(mysql數據同步配置)，希望對您有用。如果有疑問，可以聯系我們。
規劃MYSQL教程
master 192.168.56.2MYSQL教程
slave ?192.168.56.5MYSQL教程
1、在主庫上,設置一個復制使用的賬戶rep1,并授予REPLICATION SLAVE權限.MYSQL教程
mysql>?grant?replication?slave?on?*.*?to?'rep1'@'192.168.56.2'?identified?by?'123456'; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.01?sec)
2、修改主數據庫服務器的配置文件my.cnf,開啟BINLOG,并設置server-id的值.這兩個參數的修改需要重新啟動數據庫服務才可以生效.MYSQL教程
?vi /etc/my.cnfMYSQL教程
?[mysqld]MYSQL教程
?log-bin=/home/mysql/log/mysql-bin.logMYSQL教程
?server-id=1MYSQL教程
[root@rhel6?~]#?service?mysql?restart Shutting?down?MySQL..??????????????????????????????????????[??OK??] Starting?MySQL.????????????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]
3、在主庫上,設置讀鎖定有效,這個操作是為了確保沒有數據庫操作,以便獲得一個一致性的快照.MYSQL教程
mysql>?flush?tables?with?read?lock; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.02?sec)
4、得到主庫上當前的二進制日志名和偏移量值.這個操作的目的是為了從數據庫啟動以后,從這個點開始進行數據的恢復.MYSQL教程
mysql>?show?master?status; +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ |?File????????????|?Position?|?Binlog_Do_DB?|?Binlog_Ignore_DB?|?Executed_Gtid_Set?| +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ |?mysqlbin.000021?|??????120?|??????????????|??????????????????|???????????????????| +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1?row?in?set?(0.03?sec)
5、現在主數據庫服務器已經停止了更新操作,需要生成主數據庫的備份,備份的方式有很多種,可以直接在操作系統下復制全部的數據文件到從數據庫服務器上,也可以通過mysqldump導出數據或者使用ibbackup工具進行數據庫的備份.如果主數據庫的服務可以停止,那么直接復制數據文件應該是最快的生成快照的方法：MYSQL教程
[root@rhel6?lib]#?tar?-zcvf?mysql.tar.gz?mysql mysql/ tar:?mysql/mysql.sock:?socket?ignored mysql/mysqlbin.000019 mysql/test1/ mysql/test1/db.opt mysql/test1/pack.MYD mysql/test1/myisam2.frm mysql/test1/emp.ibd mysql/test1/mer_myisam.MRG mysql/test1/emp.frm mysql/test1/pri_t.TRG .... 傳到從數據庫 [root@rhel6?lib]#?scp?mysql.tar.gz?root@192.168.56.5:/root root@192.168.56.5's?password:? mysql.tar.gz????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?1402KB???1.4MB/s???00:00
6、主數據庫備份完畢后可恢復寫操作,剩下的只需要在從庫上執行MYSQL教程
mysql>?unlock?tables; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.02?sec)
7、將主數據庫的一致性備份恢復到從數據庫上.如果是使用.tar.gz打包的文件包,只需要解開到相應的目錄即可.MYSQL教程
tar?-zxvf?mysql.tar.gz
8、修改從數據庫的配置文件my.cnf,增加server-id參數.注意server-id的值必須是唯一的,不能和主數據庫的配置相同,如果有多個從數據庫服務器,每個從數據庫服務器必須有自己唯一的server-id值.MYSQL教程
?vi my.cnfMYSQL教程
?[mysqld]MYSQL教程
?server-id=2MYSQL教程
9、在從庫上,使用--skip-slave-start選項啟動數據庫,這樣不會立即啟動從數據庫服務上的復制進程,方便我們對從數據庫的服務進行進一步的配置(可選)MYSQL教程
?mysqld_safe --skip-slave-start &MYSQL教程
?或者修改my.cnf,添加skip-slave-start參數,service mysql startMYSQL教程
10、對從數據庫服務器做相應設置,指定復制使用的用戶,主數據庫服務器的IP、端口以及開始執行復制的日志文件和位置等MYSQL教程
mysql>?change?master?to? ????->??master_host='192.168.56.2', ????->??master_user='rep1', ????->??master_port=3306, ????->??master_password='123456', ????->??master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021', ????->??master_log_pos=120; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected,?2?warnings?(0.08?sec)
11、在從庫上,啟動slave線程MYSQL教程
mysql>?start?slave; Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.17?sec)
12、從庫上查看進程MYSQL教程
mysql>?show?processlist?\G; ***************************?1.?row?*************************** ?????Id:?1 ???User:?root ???Host:?localhost ?????db:?zx Command:?Query ???Time:?0 ??State:?init ???Info:?show?processlist ***************************?2.?row?*************************** ?????Id:?4 ???User:?system?user ???Host:? ?????db:?NULL Command:?Connect ???Time:?1484 ??State:?Waiting?for?master?to?send?event ???Info:?NULL ***************************?3.?row?*************************** ?????Id:?5 ???User:?system?user ???Host:? ?????db:?NULL Command:?Connect ???Time:?739 ??State:?Slave?has?read?all?relay?log;?waiting?for?the?slave?I/O?thread?to?update?it ???Info:?NULL 3?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?show?slave?status?\G ***************************?1.?row?*************************** ???????????????Slave_IO_State:?Waiting?for?master?to?send?event ??????????????????Master_Host:?192.168.56.2 ??????????????????Master_User:?rep1 ??????????????????Master_Port:?3306 ????????????????Connect_Retry:?60 ??????????????Master_Log_File:?mysqlbin.000021 ??????????Read_Master_Log_Pos:?652 ???????????????Relay_Log_File:?rhel6-relay-bin.000002 ????????????????Relay_Log_Pos:?814 ????????Relay_Master_Log_File:?mysqlbin.000021 ?????????????Slave_IO_Running:?Yes ????????????Slave_SQL_Running:?Yes ??????????????Replicate_Do_DB:? ??????????Replicate_Ignore_DB:? ???????????Replicate_Do_Table:? ???????Replicate_Ignore_Table:? ??????Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:? ??Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:? ???????????????????Last_Errno:?0 ???????????????????Last_Error:? ?????????????????Skip_Counter:?0 ??????????Exec_Master_Log_Pos:?652 ??????????????Relay_Log_Space:?987 ??????????????Until_Condition:?None ???????????????Until_Log_File:? ????????????????Until_Log_Pos:?0 ???????????Master_SSL_Allowed:?No ???????????Master_SSL_CA_File:? ???????????Master_SSL_CA_Path:? ??????????????Master_SSL_Cert:? ????????????Master_SSL_Cipher:? ???????????????Master_SSL_Key:? ????????Seconds_Behind_Master:?0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:?No ????????????????Last_IO_Errno:?0 ????????????????Last_IO_Error:? ???????????????Last_SQL_Errno:?0 ???????????????Last_SQL_Error:? ??Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:? ?????????????Master_Server_Id:?1 ??????????????????Master_UUID:?3743271b-aa6d-11e6-aa2e-080027e5f5dd ?????????????Master_Info_File:?/mysqldata/master.info ????????????????????SQL_Delay:?0 ??????????SQL_Remaining_Delay:?NULL ??????Slave_SQL_Running_State:?Slave?has?read?all?relay?log;?waiting?for?the?slave?I/O?thread?to?update?it ???????????Master_Retry_Count:?86400 ??????????????????Master_Bind:? ??????Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:? ?????Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:? ???????????????Master_SSL_Crl:? ???????????Master_SSL_Crlpath:? ???????????Retrieved_Gtid_Set:? ????????????Executed_Gtid_Set:? ????????????????Auto_Position:?0 1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)
Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running全部為YES才算搭建成功.如果出錯查看報錯原因.我搭建時遇到的兩個錯誤：MYSQL教程
(1)Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.MYSQL教程
原因：搭建時把主庫整個目錄復制過來的,主庫和從庫的UUID一致了,修改從庫的UUID即可.MYSQL教程
方法：修改$datadir/auto.cnf,按照16進制格式隨便改一下,重啟mysql即可.MYSQL教程
(2)Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'MYSQL教程
原因：配置change master to時把master_log_file配置錯誤MYSQL教程
方法：change master to master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021';start slave;即可.
MYSQL教程
13、測試復制的正確性MYSQL教程
主庫 mysql>?create?database?zx; Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.05?sec) mysql>?use?zx; Database?changed mysql>?create?table?t(id?int); Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.09?sec) mysql>?insert?into?t?values(1),(2),(3); Query?OK,?3?rows?affected?(0.01?sec) Records:?3??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0 從庫 mysql>?show?databases; +--------------------+ |?Database???????????| +--------------------+ |?information_schema?| |?data???????????????| |?mysql??????????????| |?performance_schema?| |?test???????????????| |?test1??????????????| |?zx?????????????????| +--------------------+ 7?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec) mysql>?use?zx Reading?table?information?for?completion?of?table?and?column?names You?can?turn?off?this?feature?to?get?a?quicker?startup?with?-A Database?changed mysql>?select?*?from?t; +------+ |?id???| +------+ |????1?| |????2?| |????3?| +------+ 3?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)
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